What the plants can actually do

Six presses, 62,000 tonnes a year, and the finishing capacity to keep up with them — which is the part that usually does not keep up.

Extrusion runs on six presses from 800 to 2,500 tonnes, covering circumscribing circles from 20 to 320 millimetres. Dies are cut, nitrided and corrected in the die shop at Thanh Hoa; first samples from a new die take eighteen days, and the correction loop that follows is the difference between a section that holds tolerance across a full billet and one that holds it for the first three metres.

Finishing is where most extruders under-invest. Quy Nhon runs two anodising lines from 10 to 25 microns, the 25-micron process being the marine one, with the sealing tanks beside the port. Binh Duong runs three powder lines, one of them a vertical line, and a PVDF line alongside them. Coating capacity was sized against the presses rather than against last year's order book, so a finished order does not wait behind an unfinished one.

Fabrication at Nghe An covers cutting, CNC machining, punching, thermal break assembly, friction-stir welding and battery tray work. Facade units are glazed and water-tested before they ship, which moves the difficult work off the scaffold and into a building where it can be repeated.